A Study of Brian Moore’s Hallucinatory Technique in Fergus

Hallucinatory realism is a term that has been used in connection with the concept of magical realism in literature . Hallucinatory realism is more specific. I is defined as " a dream-state , where the imaginary universe seems concrete and believable" . Fergus (1970) is one of Brian Moore's novels characterized by innovation in the style of narration and plot structure . From Moore 's perspective , the traditional realistic approach and the modern consciousness method appear to be insufficient for presenting the full dimensions of the crises of an artist-hero in exile . Accordingly, he adopts the hallucinatory technique or Hallucinatory realism in the novel in which the actual world of the hero is inhabited by visiting ghosts and spirits of dead people from his past life in Ireland. The past impinges on the suffocating present not in forms of actual remembrances or recollections , but through the protagonist's imaginative recreation of it in terms of hallucination , which in turn highlights the true nature of the sacrifices in the artist's aesthetic talents and past heritage for the media, fame and publicity . Keywords: Artist–Hero Conflict , Mass–Media , Hallucinatory Realism, Metaphysical Journey to the Past, Self- Redemption

The Doctor's Wife: between Two Worlds: The Crises of Reconciliation and Adjustment in Exile

The Irish-Canadian novelist Brian Moore (1921 –1999) places women at the center of his novels.  His principal aim in choosing to write about women is to avoid becoming a writer of autobiographical fiction. The manner of Moore's writing about women also reveals his paramount sympathy with them as individuals doomed to a greater and perhaps more complicated suffering than their male counterparts did in this existence. This paper focuses  on Moore’s  eleventh novel  The Doctor’s Wife (1976).It illustrates the heroine’s  role in  delineating the important alterations in the author’s life from the moment of choosing self - exile from Northern Ireland until his  warm reconciliation with it . The central character’s dilemma highlights the fact that it is not the environment alone but personal reasons are also responsible for the individual’s dramatic choice of escaping to an alien culture. Sheila’s crises of frustration and disappointment in her marriage to a famous but an unimaginative doctor prefigures women's likewise sufferings everywhere in this universe. Keywords: Self-exile, Reconciliation, Feminism, Bliss Resurrection, Stream -of- Consciousness, Modern Concept of Tragic Hero

A Study of Wordsworth's Romantic Conception of Nature in Gibrabn Khalil Gibran’s poem Munajat Arwah

Gibran  Khalil  Gibran   (1883-1931) is  a genius  Lebanese poet   , who spent most of his life in     the Unit States of  America .While living  there, he was exposed  to the ideologies of  English Romanticism , pioneered by  some memorable Romantic poets like Wordsworth, Blake , Shelley and    Keats .Together with his subsequent association with Arrabitah group of AL-Mahjer poets , he contributed to the birth of Arabic Romanticism , which came as a reaction against Arabic neo-classical poetry . Romanticism is described as the return to nature. Nature influences the mind of the poet which in its turn provides a returned response colored by the imagination .Thus, nature becomes a dominant theme in the poems of the literary legend and the founder of English Romanticism William Wordsworth. One of the essential manifestation of Wordsworth's fascination with nature is his insistence on shifting the interest from the city life to countryside, a shift that overwhelms Gibran with similar feelings of nostalgia and regret for the latter's distortion by the factory smokes . In his famous work Munajat Arwah (Communion of Spirits ) published in 1914 , Gibran depicts nature in a typically Wordsworthian mannerism . Therefore, this poem is taken to be a case study for illustrating the English Romantic poet’s impact in molding Gibran’s aesthetic vision of nature’s supremacy over the decadent and polluted existence in cities. Keywords: English Romanticism, sublime feelings, restorative forces of nature, nature as a manifestation of God’s grandeur, nature verses city

The Portrait as an Alive Character in The Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde

The paper studies Oscar Wilde 's  only novel The Picture of Dorian Gray,  first  published in 1890.    The novel is about a young man named Dorian Gray who falls in love with his own painted   portrait by the  artist Basil  Hallward  . The plot revolves around his corruption and eventual assassination at the hands of his portrait   which, in due course,  metamorphoses into an alive   being   to revenge for the distortion of its  aesthetic  value and beauty.     The  paper aims  to  prove  that Wilde  has  intended  for  the   portrait of his hero to take a leading role  in the  narrative discourse  . The title of the novel  itself , reveals that its main focus is the portrait of   Dorian Gray rather than the protagonist   himself  . The study shows that the chain of events  and relationships  are unfolded  mainly through  a direct  reference to  Dorian 's portrait . It is also a central part of the ongoing arguments between the painter Basil Hallward and his hedonistic counterpart Lord Henry Wotton about  art , life  and beauty in the novel  : It endorses our understanding of the true  nature of their  contrasting  opinions on the marvel painted by Hallward . Wilde  employs the craft of the painted   portrait  of the hero  to  express    his  ideologies    concerning  the Aesthetic Movement which  appeared in the 19th century period  and emphasized  the cult of beauty  in art and  literature. The   evaluation of this  modern  concept  of art  is  always seen in a parallel connection  with  the  painted portrait of  the hero , Dorian Gray  . Ultimately , Wild’s portrait of  himself, which   undoubtedly is  that of  Dorian’s  ,     precipitates   in providing  a deep understanding of his  personality and  his artistic  vision   in his experimental masterpiece The portrait of Dorian Gray . Indeed, it   is through Dorian’s image and not Dorian's character that the author resolves his conflicts with his prejudiced and   sceptic Victorian   readers. Key Keywords: Artist – hero conflict, aestheticism, beauty ,art,  painting , metamorphoses , self- distortion, hedonism ,  Gothic elements  ,revenge  .